is glp 1 berberine as a Bioactive Alkaloid: Multi-Omics Perspectives on Its Role in Obesity Management Berberine is one of the

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Erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, binds to VDAC2 and VDAC3 on the outer mitochondrial membrane, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidant release, ultimately triggering ferroptosis in tumor cells

Oxidative stress happens when free radicals outnumber the antioxidants available to neutralize them, which can lead to cellular damage over time

Gut 59:11921199 Wilson GS, George J (2014) Physical and chemical insults induce inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers

Eventually, the optic disc edema resolved, leaving residual structural damage i.e., GCL atrophy, consistent with the typical presentation of NAION